What is the root meaning of grace?

What is the root meaning of grace?

In Middle English, the word grace originally meant “God’s favor or help,” a sense that we still use today. The related word gracious originally meant “filled with God’s favor or help.” Grace was borrowed from Old French, from Latin gratia, “pleasing quality, favor, thanks,” from gratus, “pleasing.”

What is Arete according to Aristotle?

(Greek, the goodness or excellence of a thing) The goodness or virtue of a person. In the thought of Plato and Aristotle virtue is connected with performing a function (ergon), just as an eye is good if it performs its proper function of vision. This is its telos or purpose (see also teleology).

What are Aristotle’s four causes and what would be Aristotle’s four causes for shoes?

Those four questions correspond to Aristotle’s four causes: Material cause: “that out of which” it is made. Efficient Cause: the source of the objects principle of change or stability. Formal Cause: the essence of the object.

What are the 4 causes according to Aristotle?

Formal Cause – the defining characteristics of (e.g., shape) the thing. Final Cause – the purpose of the thing. Efficient Cause – the antecedent condition that brought the thing about.

What are Aristotle’s moral virtues?

Aristotle. Moral virtues are exemplified by courage, temperance, and liberality; the key intellectual virtues are wisdom, which governs ethical behaviour, and understanding, which is expressed in scientific endeavour and contemplation.

What are the 4 virtues of stoicism?

The Stoics elaborated a detailed taxonomy of virtue, dividing virtue into four main types: wisdom, justice, courage, and moderation. Wisdom is subdivided into good sense, good calculation, quick-wittedness, discretion, and resourcefulness.

What are the four causes of explaining reality according to Saint Thomas Aquinas explain each?

Aquinas adopts Aristotle’s doctrine of the Four Causes and couches much of his theology and philosophy in its terms. The Four Causes are (1) material cause, (2) formal cause, (3) efficient cause, and (4) final cause. The material cause, as its name implies, pertains to matter or the “stuff” of the world.

What is efficient cause According to Aristotle?

Agency or Efficiency: an efficient cause consists of things apart from the thing being changed, which interact so as to be an agency of the change. For example, the efficient cause of a table is a carpenter acting on wood. In the natural world, the efficient cause of a child is a father.

How does Aristotle define change?

Aristotle says that change is the actualizing of a potentiality of the subject. That actualization is the composition of the form of the thing that comes to be with the subject of change. Another way to speak of change is to say that F comes to be F from what is not-F.

What is Aristotle’s definition of virtue?

Aristotle defines moral virtue as a disposition to behave in the right manner and as a mean between extremes of deficiency and excess, which are vices. We learn moral virtue primarily through habit and practice rather than through reasoning and instruction.

What are the best virtues to have?

9 Virtues in the Bible

• Love – love in overs and yourself.
• Joy – finding joy in the world and in God.
• Peace – calmness in yourself and God.
• Forbearance – patience and perseverance.
• Kindness – having moral integrity.
• Goodness – be generous to others.
• Faithfulness – being trustworthy to others and being faithful to your savior.

What is human flourishing according to Aristotle?

According to Aristotle, there is an end of all of the actions that we perform which we desire for itself. This is what is known as eudaimonia, flourishing, or happiness, which is desired for its own sake with all other things being desired on its account.